Spanish citizenship - privileges in the EU and global freedom of movement

By obtaining Spanish citizenship, you open for yourself the opportunity to freely choose your place of residence and work in any EU country, enjoy high standards of social protection, education and medicine.

 

Main advantages of Spanish citizenship

With Spanish citizenship you become the owner of the right to free movement, official employment, access to prestigious education and a developed system of social protection.

Freedom of movement around the world

Spanish citizens can visit more than 160 countries of the world without visas, including all the countries of the EU and Schengen zone, as well as the USA, Canada and Japan.

The right to reside and work in any EU country

Holders of a Spanish passport can freely apply for a job, open a business and officially earn money in the EEA countries.

Access to the European education system

Citizens are entitled to free or reduced tuition at leading universities in Spain and other EU countries, and can also participate in international educational programs.

Benefit from an effective social security system

Spain offers its citizens extensive social guarantees: access to quality medicine, pensions, unemployment benefits and other types of state support.

Ability to pass on citizenship to descendants

Spanish citizenship is automatically passed on to children, providing them with a wide range of rights and freedoms from birth.

Favorable conditions for doing business

The Spanish passport gives access to the European market, allows you to open companies without restrictions, invest in real estate and take advantage of tax advantages in Spain and other EU countries.

Grounds for Spanish citizenship: who is eligible to apply

Spanish citizenship can be obtained in different ways depending on the personal circumstances and legal status of the applicant.

Foreigners through the naturalization procedure

Foreign nationals who have been legally residing in Spain for at least 10 years may apply for citizenship. It is necessary to prove knowledge of the Spanish language, a stable income and no criminal record.

Spouses of Spanish citizens

Foreigners who are officially married to a Spanish citizen can apply for citizenship after one year of joint residence in the country. Additionally, it is required to comply with the conditions of integration – knowledge of the language and impeccable reputation.

Persons eligible for accelerated obtainment

There is a shortened naturalization period for some groups: refugees can apply after 5 years of residence, and citizens of Latin America, Andorra, Philippines, Equatorial Guinea and descendants of Sephardic Jews – after only 2 years.

Foreigners born in Spain

If a child is born in Spain to a foreigner who at the time of birth did not have a local passport, he or she may obtain Spanish citizenship if at least one of the parents was legally resident in the country at the time of the child’s birth.

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Spanish citizenship: the main stages of registration

Although the specific nuances of the process depend on the chosen basis, the basic steps to obtain citizenship remain the same. Precise compliance with legal requirements at each step is essential to achieve the result, and expert support greatly simplifies the process.

Personal consultation and strategy development

A comprehensive assessment of your situation is carried out: the length of time and reasons for residence in Spain, current legal status, family circumstances and professional activities are analyzed. Based on the data collected, an individualized plan for obtaining citizenship is formed. Lawyers identify possible obstacles in advance, determine the best solutions. This approach helps to avoid unnecessary delays, reduce the number of corrections and increase the chances of successful completion of the procedure.

Collection and execution of a full set of documents

The necessary package of documents is selected depending on the grounds for citizenship. Standard dossier: application form, valid passport or other identity document, birth certificate, certificates of criminal record from all countries where the applicant has lived, as well as certificates confirming proficiency in Spanish (DELE exam) and knowledge of the basics of the constitutional system of the country (CCSE exam). Special attention is paid to the proper execution of documents: translation into Spanish, notarization, legalization or apostilization. Lawyers accompany the process at every stage, carefully checking the dossier for compliance with legal requirements.

Submission of the application and administrative review

The completed application package is sent by the lawyer to the Spanish Ministry of Justice. According to the legislation, the time period for the application review is up to one year, but in practice it may vary. If the decision is positive, the applicant receives notification of the granting of citizenship. The next step is to officially renounce the former citizenship (if required) and take an oath.

Receipt of Spanish citizen documents

After all procedures are completed, the new citizen can obtain a national ID card DNI, (Documento Nacional de Identidad) and a passport (Pasaporte). To do this, it is necessary to go to the appropriate police station, provide identification, a current photograph and pay the state fees. In addition, it is recommended to register with the tax authorities and obtain a Tax Identification Number (NIF), which is required for employment, business and access to public services.

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Frequently asked questions about obtaining Spanish citizenship

How many years do I have to live in Spain to obtain citizenship?

To obtain citizenship through naturalization, it is necessary to live in Spain for at least 10 years legally. But there are simplified ways that do not require such a long stay in the country.

Yes, you must pass two exams: one for Spanish language skills (DELE) and the other for knowledge of Spanish culture and laws (CCSE). The DELE exam must be at least B1 level, while the CCSE test requires a basic awareness of the political and social structure of Spain.

In most cases, Spain does not allow dual citizenship, so the applicant will need to renounce previous citizenship when accepting Spanish citizenship. However, for citizens of some countries, such as Latin America, it is possible to retain dual citizenship.

No, the issuance of golden visas was canceled at the beginning of 2025.

The citizenship application process can take an average of a year, depending on the complexity of the case and the workload of the migration authorities.

The basic set of documents includes an application form, a valid passport or identity document, birth certificate, certificates of criminal record from all countries of residence, certificates of language, history and cultural knowledge.

Customer feedback on obtaining Spanish citizenship

Thanks to UnionCitizenship, I’ve been granted Spanish citizenship and now have access to new professional opportunities in the EU. Their services are transparent, honest, and always on time. I truly felt supported at every stage.

Radu

Spain

UnionCitizenship helped me navigate the Spanish citizenship process with ease. Their team was always responsive, organized, and fully informed about the legal steps involved. Today, I’m living in Valencia with full citizenship rights, and it’s all thanks to them.

Naima

Spain

I was looking for a legal path to reconnect with my Spanish roots. UnionCitizenship handled my application professionally and efficiently. Their lawyers were incredibly supportive, and now I proudly hold Spanish citizenship. A dream come true!

Jorge

Spain

The UnionCitizenship team took care of everything — from gathering documents to preparing for the language and culture requirements. Their dedication and experience made the process much less stressful. I’m now a citizen of Spain, and I couldn’t be happier.

Diana

Spain